Abstract

A STUDY OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METFORMIN, INSINUATING ITS OTHER PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION

Pooja Kumari* and Mrs. Akanksha Rai

Abstract

Metformin, a cornerstone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has garnered significant attention for its multifaceted pharmacological profile and physicochemical characteristics. Originally derived from Galega officinalis, its efficacy is attributed to its ability to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis, enhance insulin sensitivity, and modulate glucose absorption via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. This study systematically investigates the physicochemical attributes of metformin—including solubility, pKa, log P, molecular weight, and stability—and explores their influence on its pharmacokinetics (ADME profile) and pharmacodynamics. By correlating these properties with emerging therapeutic potentials such as anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-aging effects, the study highlights metformin’s pleiotropic capabilities. Additionally, experimental evaluations demonstrate metformin’s antioxidant activity, gastroprotective effects, and modest antibacterial potential. The synthesis of metformin hydrochloride was achieved with an 85% yield and confirmed via spectral analysis. Antioxidant assays (DPPH and nitric oxide scavenging) revealed moderate radical neutralization, while in vivo anti-ulcer studies affirmed its mucosal protective effects. Although metformin’s antibacterial action was limited compared to standard antibiotics, it showed measurable inhibition at higher concentrations. This comprehensive analysis underscores the critical role of physicochemical parameters in shaping metformin’s therapeutic efficacy and supports its potential repurposing in non-diabetic indications.

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