Abstract

THE EFFECT OF SARS-COV-2 INFECTION ON MATERNAL AND NEONATAL HEALTH: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND METAANALYSIS OF GLOBAL DATA

Dr. E. Thiranya*, Dr. G. Siva Krishna, Dr. T. Greeshma, Dr. S. Mohana Sindhu, V. Ramys Sri, Rajani G. and Dr. M. Purushothaman

Abstract

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has significantly impacted maternal and neonatal health. Pregnant women are considered a high-risk population due to physiological and immunological changes that may increase susceptibility to severe respiratory infections. Comprehending the impact of COVID-19 during pregnancy helps guide better care strategies and minimizes adverse outcomes for mothers and infants. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the global impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal and neonatal outcomes, including the risk of obstetric complications, adverse neonatal events, and the possibility of vertical transmission. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify studies published between December 2019 and June 2025. Observational cohort and case-control studies reporting clinical outcomes in pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Meta-analytical techniques were applied using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics. The review process was conducted under PRISMA guidelines to ensure transparency and methodological rigor. Key Findings: Data from over 160,000 pregnant women across 26 countries were analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with increased risks of maternal complications, including preeclampsia, ICU admission, and caesarean delivery. Neonatal outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and NICU admission were also significantly elevated among newborns of infected mothers. While vertical transmission remains rare, it cannot be completely excluded. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is linked to heightened maternal and neonatal risks globally. Enhanced surveillance, targeted antenatal care, and maternal vaccination are essential to improving outcomes. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term impacts on neonatal health and maternal well-being.

Keywords: COVID-19, Pregnancy, Neonatal outcomes, Maternal morbidity, Vertical transmission.