Abstract

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ACACIA FARNESIANA: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Ranveer Rajendra Kumar Bhoite and Komal Pawar*

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Abstract

Acacia farnesiana (Sweet Acacia) is a small tree or shrub known for its bright yellow, fragrant flowers and is native to several Indian states including Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka.[1,2] Various parts of the plant—pods, leaves, and bark—contain bioactive compounds such as gallic acid, ellagic acid derivatives, flavonoids (e.g., kaempferol and diosmetin), and tannins.[3,4,5] Its essential oil includes methyl salicylate, anisaldehyde, and geraniol, while pods contain diterpene glycosides and sulfur-containing amino acids.[6,7] Protein extracts from seeds exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.[8,9] Methanolic bark extracts have shown significant cytotoxic, thrombolytic, membrane-stabilizing, and antibacterial activities.[10,11] The plant demonstrates notable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.8 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL against Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively.[12,13] Its traditional and therapeutic applications span antidiabetic, antiulcer, antipyretic, and antimicrobial uses, including against tuberculosis and dysentery.[14,15,16]

Keywords: Acacia farnesiana, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, phytochemistry, tuberculosis, dysentery.