Abstract

"CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA (L.) R. BR.: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON ITS PHYTOCHEMISTRY, TRADITIONAL USES, PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL, MECHANISM OF ACTION, AND TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE”

Mr. Thirumeninathan M.*, Mr. Dr. Ranjith M., Mr. Prakash S., Mr. Arun A. and Mr. Tamilmani P.

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Abstract

Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br., commonly known as "Arka," is a widely distributed medicinal shrub traditionally used in Ayurveda, Siddha, and folk medicine for treating a variety of ailments such as inflammation, skin diseases, respiratory disorders, and digestive issues. The plant is a rich source of diverse phytochemicals, including cardenolides, flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds, which are responsible for its broad spectrum of biological activities. Preclinical studies have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and wound healing properties, mediated through mechanisms involving antioxidant effects, enzyme inhibition, and modulation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. While toxicological studies suggest some dose-dependent adverse effects, the plant shows significant therapeutic promise. However, clinical evidence remains limited, necessitating further investigation to validate its efficacy and safety in humans. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological actions, and toxicological profile of Calotropis gigantea, highlighting its potential as a valuable natural resource in drug development.

Keywords: Calotropis gigantea, phytochemicals, pharmacology, toxicity, traditional medicine, drug development.