Abstract

A STUDY AND REVIEW OF SOLANUM NIGRUM PLANT

S. Deepak*, S. Sathya Priya, P. Kavya, A. Sasi Kumar, M. Govindhan and T. Manjula

Abstract

Solanum nigrum L., commonly known as black nightshade or Makoi, is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Solanaceae. It contains a wide range of bioactive compounds including glycoalkaloids, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and polyphenolic compounds like gallic acid, catechin, and rutin. The plant exhibits diverse pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-pyretic, and cytotoxic effects. Traditionally, different parts of the plant are used for treating various ailments. Antibacterial studies have demonstrated the plant’s efficacy against gram-negative pathogens, indicating its therapeutic potential. While reddish-brown fruits are edible, the black ones are considered toxic and are not used medicinally. It is used in the treatment of diseases like rheumatism, tuberculosis, skin disorders, asthma, and liver ailments. This article presents a comprehensive and systematic overview of the botanical, traditional uses, phytochemical compositions, pharmacological properties, clinical trials, and toxicity of Solanum nigrum to provide the latest information for further exploitation and application of S. nigrum in functional foods and medicines.

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