Abstract

A REVIEW ON CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF NOVEL ANTIDIABETIC AGENTS: MECHANISMS, EFFICACY, AND SAFETY INSIGHTS

Mrs. Devi M.*, Mrs. priyadharshni M. G., Miss. Abirami S., Mr. Miss. Pavithra M., Miss. Yogalakshmi R.

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus remains one of the most pressing global health challenges. The limitations of conventional therapies, including sulfonylureas, metformin, and insulin, have necessitated the development of novel antidiabetic agents. This review summarizes the clinical pharmacology of recently introduced drug classes such as DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and emerging dual multi-agonists. We discuss their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, efficacy outcomes, safety considerations, and roles in special populations. Additionally, we highlight future perspectives including pharmacogenomics, personalized medicine, digital therapeutics, and sustainable green pharmacology. These advancements underscore the paradigm shift from glucose-centric therapy to holistic cardiometabolic care in type 2 diabetes management.

Keywords: Clinical pharmacology, Novel antidiabetic agents, SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, Pharmacokinetics, Diabetes management, Safety profile.