Abstract

A BRIEF REVIEW ON DIABETIC & ITS COMPLICATIONS

Arya*, Sana Nusrat Praween*, Dr. Md. Rashid Iqbal*

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Abstract

Diabetes is a condition that affects how your body processes sugar, also known as glucose. It happens when your body can't make enough insulin, the hormone that helps move glucose from your blood into your cells, or when your cells don't respond properly to insulin. There are a couple of types: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes, which is more common, occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough of it. This type is often linked to lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and weight. Gestational diabetes happens during pregnancy and usually goes away after the baby is born, but it increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later on. Diabetes is becoming more common worldwide due to factors like unhealthy eating habits, lack of exercise, and rising obesity rates. If left uncontrolled, it can lead to serious health problems such as heart disease, kidney damage, nerve issues, and even blindness. However, with early diagnosis and good management—such as making healthier lifestyle choices, using medication, or taking insulin—people with diabetes can lead long, healthy lives. Research is also continually advancing to better understand diabetes and improve treatment options.

Keywords: Diabetes, Glutamic Acid Decarboxylases, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Glucagon Like Peptide, American Diabetes Association, Hyperglycemia Hyperosmolar State.