Abstract

ANATOMICAL UNDERSTANDING OF PESHI IN THE LIGHT OF SHARIRA RACHANA

*Dr. Manisha Choudhary, Dr. Pooja Makhnotra, Dr. Pooja Thakur

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Abstract

The concept of Peshi (muscles) in Sharira Rachana holds pivotal importance as one of the primary structural entities derived from Mamsa Dhatu. Acharya Sushruta has enumerated approximately 520 Peshis, describing their regional distribution, morphological diversity, and functional significance, especially in relation to Marma Sthanas. Classical texts elucidate the formation of Peshi through the action of Pitta-yukta Vayu on Mamsa Dhatu, thereby organizing muscle bundles into distinct units that provide Bala (strength), Avaṣṭambha (support), and protection to Asthi (bones), Sandhi (joints), Sira (vessels), and Snayu (ligaments/tendons). Further, Ayurveda recognizes their dual role in Icchanuvṛtta (voluntary) and Anicchanuvṛtta (involuntary) activities, correlating with modern skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle physiology. In contemporary anatomical perspective, muscles are specialized contractile tissues of mesodermal origin, comprising nearly 40–50% of body weight, enclosed by connective tissue sheaths—endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium—that facilitate nourishment, innervation, and biomechanical integration. Their classification into skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles aligns with the Ayurvedic distinction of voluntary and involuntary Peshis, highlighting functional similarities. Thus, the Ayurvedic view of Peshi not only presents a structural delineation but also emphasizes functional, protective, and clinical aspects, reflecting a holistic understanding of musculature. A comparative approach reveals convergence between classical insights and modern anatomical descriptions, thereby validating the relevance of Sharira Rachana in comprehending musculoskeletal and neuromuscular health.

Keywords: Sharira Rachana, Peshi, Mamsa Dhatu, Sushruta Samhita, Muscle anatomy.