Abstract

INSOMNIA (SLEEPLESSNESS) INCLUDES BOTH PHARMACOLOGICAL AND NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT APPROACHES & THE CURRENT STATUS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

Yash Srivastav*, Nutan Shrivastava, Madhaw Kumar, Nikita Sharma

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Abstract

The definitions of "insomnia" and "severe insomnia" were taken from the best-quality reference study available for countries without a country-specific estimate of the prevalence of insomnia. The Online Etymology Dictionary states that the word "insomnia" first appeared in 1623 and was Anglicised as "insomnie." It comes from the Latin insomnia, which means "want of sleep," and is made up of the words "in," which means not, and "somnus," which means sleep. The current version was first used in 1758. In that study, insomnia was classified as either severe (supporting two or more DSM-IV insomnia symptoms with daytime consequences) or chronic (supporting one DSM-IV sleep-related insomnia symptom with daytime consequences). The term "insomnia" was coined during the Enlightenment period of thriving new sciences in the late 18th century, and where there is "insomnia," there must be "insomniacs." As a result, the word "insomniacs" was coined to describe those who had trouble sleeping. This was given its current meaning at the beginning of the 20th century. Among those who acknowledged having trouble sleeping are Winston Churchill, Charles Dickens, Isaac Newton, and Benjamin Franklin. Although they didn't use the term "insomnia," you get the idea. A well-documented historical concern is insomnia. It includes worry and distress during the day, as well as trouble falling or staying asleep. The causes of sleeplessness are numerous and diverse. These include physical or mental health conditions, medications, how and where we live and work, and biological changes brought on by ageing or hormones. As a result, the word "insomniacs" was coined to describe those who had trouble sleeping. Medical treatments for insomnia started to proliferate, and some of them were presumably successful. For instance, Grimault & Co.'s "Indian Cigarettes" were promoted in Australia throughout the 1800s. They had cannabis in them. According to recent figures, 10–30% of individuals worldwide suffer from sleeplessness. Up to 237,000,000 individuals are impacted, depending on the present population of the world. For these sleep issues to be diagnosed as insomnia, they must also result in daytime impairments like drowsiness or trouble focusing. Symptoms of insomnia can occasionally affect up to twothirds of the population. Using a variety of techniques, including questioning you about your medical history, current situation, sleep patterns, symptoms, and more, a healthcare professional can diagnose insomnia. In order to rule out additional illnesses that might contribute to or cause insomnia, they might also suggest certain tests. Belsomra, Ambien, Dayvigo, Quviviq, Lunesta, Restoril, and numerous other medications are used to treat insomnia. There are over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription sleep aids for insomnia, such as ZzzQuil and Unisom. This review article discusses the pathophysiology, aetiology, diagnosis, therapy, and hazards of insomnia.

Keywords: Insomnia, Epidemiology, Aetiology, Treatments.