Abstract

ROLE OF XENOESTROGENS AND PHYTOESTROGENS IN THE ETIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS): AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

*Dr. Pratiksha Katoch, Prof. Soni Kapil, Dr. Kartik Goel

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Abstract

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving genetic susceptibility, metabolic dysfunction (such as insulin resistance), and environmental triggers.[1] Among these, xenoestrogens— synthetic or industrial compounds capable of mimicking estrogen—are increasingly implicated in hormonal dysregulation.[2,3] Objective: To explore the dual role of xenoestrogens and phytoestrogens in the etiology and management of PCOS, and to highlight their relevance in developing integrative therapeutic strategies. Methods: A narrative review of published literature was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies addressing the impact of xenoestrogens on PCOS pathogenesis and the therapeutic potential of phytoestrogens— including cinnamon, flaxseed, soy isoflavones, and other botanicals—were critically analysed.[9] Results: Evidence suggests that xenoestrogens contribute to endocrine disruption, insulin resistance, and ovarian dysfunction, thereby exacerbating PCOS risk. Conversely, phytoestrogens demonstrate promising effects on improving menstrual cyclicity, reducing hyperandrogenism, and enhancing insulin sensitivity. Integrative approaches combining lifestyle modification, phytoestrogen-rich diets, and hormonal regulation show synergistic benefits. Conclusion: Xenoestrogens may act as significant environmental contributors to PCOS, while phytoestrogens offer a safe, natural, and effective adjunct for management. A comprehensive, integrative strategy that includes dietary interventions, endocrine evaluation, and toxin avoidance is recommended for optimal PCOS prevention and treatment.

Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Xenoestrogens, Phytoestrogens, Endocrine Disruptors, Ayurveda, Integrative Medicine, Environmental Exposure.