Abstract

PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 1,3,4- THIADIAZOLE ANALOGUES

Hemant Dhakne*, Sandhya Dhurve, Rakesh Chaudhary, Diksha Dhandge, Yojna Dhuri, Sonal Dhonar

Abstract

The 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring stands out as a highly valuable heterocyclic structure in modern drug discovery due to its unique electronic characteristics, flexible tautomerism, and ability to act as a bioisostere. Over recent years, it has served as a foundation for designing compounds with diverse pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticonvulsant effects. Advances in synthesis from traditional thiosemicarbazide cyclization to modern green and solvent-free techniques have enabled the development of structurally varied analogues with improved pharmacological performance. Detailed spectroscopic and structure–activity studies have helped clarify how different substituents influence biological activity. Clinically approved drugs like acetazolamide, sulfamethizole, and filanesib further highlight the therapeutic relevance of this scaffold. This review aims to summarize recent progress in the synthesis, bioactivity, and mechanism of 1,3,4- thiadiazole derivatives, emphasizing their continued significance as promising building blocks for future drug development.

Keywords: 1,3,4 thiadiazole, Anti microbial, Anti oxidant, Anti bacterial, Anti cancer.