Abstract

A REVIEW ON TYPES, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT MODALITIES OF DIABETES MELLITUS

*Priyanka P. Dorad, *Abhishek A. Gaikwad, Dr. Amita B. Dongare, Prof. Minaz I. Mevekari

Abstract

―Diabetes mellitus‖ is one of the most commn noncommunicable diseases worldwide. India faces several challenges in diabetes management, including the rising prevalence in both urban and rural areas, lack of public awareness, limited healthcare facilities, high treatment costs, suboptimal glycaemic control, and an increasing rate of diabetic complications. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of lifestyle modifications in diabetes management, the standard medications currently used for treatment, and recent advancements in the development of novel therapeutic approaches that may serve as future interventions. A literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar. Insulin therapy, the most common treatment for diabetes, is typically administered via subcutaneous injections up to four times daily. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with a steadily increasing global prevalence. This trend is pushing the condition toward epidemic levels in some countries, with the number of affected individuals expected to double in the next decade due to the ageing population. This will add to the already significant burden on healthcare systems, particularly in low-resource settings. T2DM is a serious and common chronic disease that arises from a complex interaction between genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and additional risk factors such as obesity and sedentary lifestyle.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Type 1 DM, Type 2 DM, diagnosis, managemet, classification, cause and treatment.