Abstract

INNOVATING DRUG FORMULATION FROM BIOACTIVE BOTANICALS

Kasu Lavanya*, Konatham Nikhita, Sapna Pathak, Kasa Aswini, Tataboina Komali, Palaparthi Cherishma

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Abstract

Botanical medicines—complex, multi-constituent extracts derived from plants—offer a rich source of bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential. However, translation of botanicals into mainstream pharmaceutical products is hindered by variability in raw materials, low and erratic bioavailability, poor stability, and regulatory ambiguity. This review synthesises recent innovations that humanise botanical drug formulation by integrating patient-centred design, sustainable sourcing, and modern formulation science. We discuss advanced delivery platforms (nanoparticles, lipid systems, solid dispersions, mucoadhesive matrices), analytical advances (metabolomics, mass spectrometry fingerprinting), and methods to quantify and preserve multi-component synergy. Methodological approaches that combine network pharmacology, systems biology, and adaptive clinical trial design are presented as pragmatic routes to regulatory acceptance. Results from representative formulation studies illustrate how formulation can convert poorly soluble botanical actives into oral, transdermal, and inhalation products with improved pharmacokinetics and tolerability.[1–12] A humanisation lens emphasises palatability, dosing convenience, cultural acceptability, and equitable access. We propose an integrated translational framework—linking ethnobotanical knowledge, green extraction, rigorous standardisation, modular manufacturing, and community engagement—to accelerate safe, effective and culturally resonant botanical therapeutics. Finally, we outline regulatory and ethical considerations necessary to balance innovation, biodiversity stewardship, and patient safety. This review is intended for formulation scientists, pharmacognosists, regulators, and clinicians interested in bridging botanical tradition with contemporary pharmaceutical practice. [See Table 1 and Figure 1 for synthesis of formulation strategies and adoption drivers.]

Keywords: Botanical medicines, formulation, humanisation, nanocarriers, standardization, sustainability, translational framework.