Abstract

DRUG UTILIZATION EVALUATION IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Dr. Zeel Naik*, Vaishnavi Bodawala, Ayushi Surma, Dr. Mohil Nagad

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Abstract

Background: Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) studies are essential to assess prescribing patterns, and promote rational drug therapy. In cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), where polypharmacy and comorbidities are common, DUE provides insights to optimize treatment and improve patient outcomes. Aim: To evaluate the drug utilization patterns in patients with cardiovascular diseases in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for six months in the cardiology ward of Venus Hospital, Surat. A total of 150 inpatients aged ≥18 years with confirmed cardiovascular diseases and prescribed at least one cardiovascular drug were included. Data were collected from medical records, including demographics, diagnoses, comorbidities, and prescribed medications. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel to obtain frequencies, percentages, and correlations between comorbidities, number of drugs prescribed, and incidence of drug–drug interactions. Results: Among 150 patients, males predominated (56%), with the majority being elderly (>60 years, 59.33%). Myocardial infarction and angina were the most common diagnoses. Polypharmacy was more frequent in patients with multiple comorbidities, increasing the risk of drug–drug interactions. Aspirin (84%) and Heparin (65.33%) were the most prescribed anticoagulants, while Atorvastatin (58%) was the leading lipid-lowering agent. Ticagrelor (44.67%) and Nicorandil(30.67%) were widely used for ischemic prevention, whereas Amiodarone (12%) and Nitroglycerin (8%) were prescribed for arrhythmia and angina management. Conclusion: The study highlights a higher prevalence of CVDs among elderly males. Anticoagulants and lipid-lowering agents were the most prescribed drugs, reflecting adherence to standard guidelines. Findings emphasize the need for rational prescribing, monitoring polypharmacy, and preventing drug–drug interactions to ensure safe and effective cardiovascular care.

Keywords: Drug utilization evaluation, Cardiovascular diseases, Anticoagulants, Polypharmacy, Myocardial infarction, Angina.