Abstract

A REVIEW BY PAEDIATRIC EPILEPSY: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT

Sangram Nagargoje*, Pratiksha B. Pawar, Vaishnavi D. Rodge

Abstract

Pediatric epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders in children, characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures resulting from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential to differentiate epileptic seizures from other paroxysmal events and to identify underlying etiologies such as genetic, structural, metabolic, or infection causes. A comprehensive evaluation includes detailed clinical history, neuroimaging, electroencephalography [EEG], and, when indicated, genetic testing. Treatment primarily aims to achieve complete seizure control with minimal adverse effects while optimizing the child’s neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life. Management involves a multidisciplinary approach integrating pharmacological therapy mainly antiepileptic drugs [AEDs] with dietary intervention such as the ketogenic diet, surgical option for drug-resistant epilepsy, and neurostimulation techniques. Additionally, psychological, educational, and social support are vital components of long-term care. Recent advances in precision medicine, novel antiseizure medications, and neuroimaging have significantly improved outcomes for many children with epilepsy. Continued research and individualized management remain key to enhancing prognosis and overall quality of life in pediatric epilepsy.

Keywords: Pediatric epilepsy, Epidemiology, Classification, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, Treatment, Management of epilepsy, Pathogenesis, Future direction.