Abstract

PHYTOMINING: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON GREEN TECHNOLOGY FOR METAL EXTRACTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION

Ratan Deep Chauhan*, Dr. Pushpendra Kannojia, Akansha Singh, Aseeem Tewari

Abstract

Phyto-mining is an innovative, sustainable, and cost-effective technology that exploits naturally occurring metalaccumulating plants for extracting valuable metals from lowgrade ores, mine tailings, and contaminated soils. With increasing global demand for metals and rising environmental concerns regarding conventional mining processes, phytomining offers a promising alternative that aligns with green chemistry principles. This comprehensive review describes the morphological and physiological basis of metal hyperaccumulation, operational steps, major plant species used worldwide, metal-specific phyto-mining strategies, economic feasibility, global field trials, recent biotechnological advancements, merits and limitations, and the future scope of phyto-mining. Extensive literature sources and recent scientific developments are integrated to provide a holistic understanding of this emerging discipline.

Keywords: Phyto-mining, Hyperaccumulation, Biomass, Bio-Ore, Rare Earth Element (REE).