Abstract

NEXT GENERATION MRNA THERAPEUTICS

Ms. S. Subalakshmi*, Ms. R. Pirtheeshwari, Ms. N. Priyadharshini, Ms. K. Narmadha, Mr. M. Praveen Kumar, Dr. C. Jothimanivannan

Abstract

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have emerged as a transformative platform in modern medicine, enabling rapid, flexible, and precise treatment strategies across a wide range of diseases. Building on the success of first-generation mRNA vaccines, next generation mRNA therapeutics focus on improving stability, delivery efficiency, safety, and therapeutic scope. Advances in mRNA engineering, including optimized codon usage, nucleoside modifications, and improved untranslated regions, have significantly enhanced protein expression while minimizing unwanted immune responses. In parallel, innovations in delivery systems—particularly lipid nanoparticles and emerging polymer- and peptide-based carriers—have enabled targeted and tissue-specific delivery, expanding applications beyond infectious diseases. Next generation mRNA therapeutics are being explored for cancer immunotherapy, protein replacement therapies, gene editing, and treatment of rare genetic disorders. Personalized cancer vaccines, for example, use patient-specific tumor antigens encoded in mRNA to stimulate tailored immune responses. Additionally, self-amplifying mRNA and circular RNA platforms offer prolonged protein expression at lower doses, potentially reducing cost and improving safety profiles. Integration with gene-editing technologies such as CRISPR further broadens the therapeutic potential by enabling transient expression of genome-modifying tools without permanent genetic alteration. Despite these advances, challenges remain, including large-scale manufacturing, long-term storage, targeted delivery to difficult tissues, and regulatory considerations. Ongoing research aims to address these limitations while ensuring accessibility and global scalability. Overall, next generation mRNA therapeutics represent a versatile and powerful modality poised to redefine treatment paradigms and accelerate the development of personalized and precision medicine in the coming decades.

Keywords: mRNA therapeutics, Lipid nanoparticles, Personalized medicine, Cancer immunotherapy, Gene editing, RNA delivery systems.