Abstract

DIETARY MODIFICATION AND GUT MICROBIOTA IN PROCTOLOGY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Dr. Mamta Upadhyay*, Dr. B. Swapna, Dr. Noopur Singh

Abstract

Background: The pathophysiology and clinical treatment of anorectal diseases are significantly influenced by dietary variables and the gut flora. Bowel habits, stool consistency, persistent straining, intestinal inflammation, and mucosal barrier integrity are pathophysiologically linked to common illnesses such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, chronic constipation, fistula-in-ano, and inflammatory anorectal diseases. Targeted nutritional therapies and precise control of the gut microbiota can reduce acute symptoms, speed up mucosal healing, and reduce recurrence rates in proctologic illnesses, according to growing clinical evidence. Objective: The clinical role of dietary changes and the composition of the gut microbiota in the management, prevention, and long-term therapeutic results of prevalent proctologic disorders is summarized in this narrative systematic review. Concepts Major medical repositories, such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and international clinical guideline databases, were queried to conduct a narrative systematic review. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and high-throughput microbiome sequencing investigations were the main types of peer-reviewed clinical research that were assessed. Clinical information about dietary fiber supplements, hydration practices, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and the structural dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in anorectal disorders was selectively isolated by search vectors. Results: The clinical evidence clearly shows that dietary fiber supplementation considerably reduces the symptoms of acute anal fissures, chronic idiopathic constipation, and hemorrhoids. By decreasing chronic straining during defecation, conservative dietary measures successfully lower intra-abdominal and intravascular pressures, resulting in lower rates of recurrence following treatment. Concurrently, intestinal dysbiosis is a major cause of both local mucosal inflammation and persistent functional constipation, according to high-throughput sequencing studies. Probiotics and synbiotics are examples of microbiota-targeted treatments that have shown great promise in reducing tissue inflammation, increasing bowel frequency, and improving stool consistency. However, the present clinical evidence is marked by considerable strain and dosage heterogeneity. Summarization: The aetiology and therapeutic management of anorectal diseases are significantly influenced by dietary variables and gut flora. Common issues include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, chronic constipation, fistula-in-ano, and inflammatory anorectal disorders, which are pathophysiologically associated with intestinal inflammation, bowel habits, stool consistency, prolonged straining, and mucosal barrier integrity. There is increasing clinical evidence that targeted nutritional therapy and careful regulation of the gut microbiota can minimize acute symptoms, accelerate mucosal healing, and lower recurrence rates in proctologic disorders. fundamental pillar of contemporary proctologic care, providing a low-cost, low-risk, and very successful primary treatment approach. Although gut microbiota research offers promising possibilities for customized therapy, large-scale, multi-center, double-blind RCTs are still needed before accurate microbiome-based procedures can be fully integrated into routine proctologic algorithms.

Keywords: Proctology, diet, gut microbiota, constipation, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, probiotics, and fiber are some of the keywords.