Abstract

THE AGNI–GUT MICROBIOME AXIS: BRIDGING AYURVEDIC CONCEPTS WITH CONTEMPORARY MICROBIOME SCIENCE – A NARRATIVE REVIEW

*Dr. Akshay B. Salunke, Dr. V. E. Gogate

Abstract

Digestion and metabolism are essential processes that regulate immune function, metabolic balance, and overall health. Recent research has identified the gut microbiome as a key regulator of these functions, while Ayurveda recognizes Agni as the fundamental principle governing digestion and metabolism. Despite their different origins, both concepts share important functional similarities, providing a valuable basis for integrating Ayurvedic knowledge with modern microbiome science. This narrative review examines the relationship between the Ayurvedic concept of Agni and the modern understanding of the gut microbiome. Evidence from classical Ayurvedic texts and contemporary biomedical literature was reviewed to explore their roles in digestion, metabolism, immune regulation, and overall health. A qualitative comparison was undertaken to identify common functional principles while recognizing that the two concepts represent complementary rather than identical biological frameworks. The available evidence suggests strong functional parallels between Samagni and a healthy gut microbiome, both supporting efficient digestion, nutrient metabolism, immune balance, and overall physiological homeostasis. Conversely, Agnimandya and Ama resemble the modern concepts of gut dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxemia, which are associated with chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Ayurvedic lifestyle practices, including balanced diet, regular daily routines, and stress management, are also recognized as important factors influencing gut microbial health. These findings indicate that Agni and the gut microbiome offer complementary perspectives on metabolic regulation and systemic health. Integrating Ayurvedic concepts with modern microbiome research may provide new insights for preventive, personalized, and integrative healthcare.

Keywords: Agni; Ayurveda; Gut Microbiome; Ama; Integrative Medicine, Metabolism; Dysbiosis.