Abstract

Abstract

Background: Contemporary psychiatric frameworks focus heavily on neurochemical models, often overlooking the deeply rooted cognitive-philosophical structures of the mind. Classical Ayurveda offers a comprehensive psychodynamic model built upon the Triguna framework—Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas—to explain both stable psychological constitutions and the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Aim: To critically analyze the concept of Triguna in the Brihattrayi and other classical Ayurvedic texts, and to elucidate their systematic significance in understanding and managing mental health. Brief Review: This review explores the Vyutpatti (derivation), Nirukti (definition), and functional attributes of Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas. It investigates how Rajas and Tamas act as Mano-doshas (mental morbidities), examines the classification of Manasika Prakriti (mental constitutions), and breaks down the Samprapti (pathogenesis) of mental disorders when Sattva is obscured. Finally, it outlines the classical Chikitsa Siddhanta (therapeutic principles), emphasizing Sattvavajaya Chikitsa (psychobehavioral restraint). Conclusion: The Triguna framework provides an invaluable, non-reductionist approach to mental health. By focusing on enhancing Sattvabala (psychological resilience) through structured classical interventions, Ayurveda addresses the root etiological factors of behavioral and mental disharmony.

Keywords: Triguna, Manasika Dosha, Sattvavajaya Chikitsa, Brihattrayi, Samhita Siddhanta, Mental Health.