Abstract

INTEGRATIVE DIAGNOSTIC PERSPECTIVES IN AYURVEDA: A REVIEW OF TRIVIDHA PRAMANA PAREEKSHA

Dr. Deepali Markam*, Dr. Rajesh Kumar Jain, Dr. Sangeeta Uikey

Abstract

Accurate diagnosis forms the cornerstone of effective disease management in both Ayurveda and modern medicine. Ayurveda adopts a systematic diagnostic approach through Trividha Pramana1 Pareeksha, comprising Aptopadesha, Pratyaksha, and Anumana, which collectively establish the basis for clinical reasoning and decision-making. These epistemological principles are practically applied through Trividha Pareeksha—Darshana, Sparshana and Prashna —to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of the patient. In contrast, contemporary medicine relies on structured history taking, physical examination, laboratory investigations, imaging techniques, and evidence-based clinical reasoning to arrive at an accurate diagnosis. This review explores the significance of Trividha Pramana Pareeksha in Ayurvedic diagnostics, examines its relationship with Trividha Pareeksha, and correlates these classical concepts with current diagnostic practices. The review is based on information collected from classical Ayurvedic texts, including the Charaka Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya, together with relevant peer-reviewed scientific literature. The analysis suggests that Trividha Pramana Pareeksha offers a rational framework for acquiring reliable clinical knowledge, whereas Trividha Pareeksha serves as its practical application during patient assessment. Integrating these Ayurvedic diagnostic principles with contemporary medical approaches enhances clinical reasoning, improves diagnostic precision, supports personalized patient care, and encourages evidence-informed integrative healthcare. Further well-designed clinical studies are needed to validate, standardize, and expand the application of these traditional diagnostic principles within modern healthcare systems.

Keywords: Trividha Pramana Pareeksha, Trividha Pareeksha, Aptopadesha, Pratyaksha, Anumana, Ayurvedic Diagnosis.