Abstract

CROTON TIGLIUM LINN. (JAYPAL/JAMALGOTA): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Dr. Kendre Vaishali Ashruba, Dr. Shraddha Manglani, Dr. Urmila Shukla, Dr. Aaghya Shakyawar

Abstract

Croton tiglium Linn. (Jaypal/Jamalgota), a member of the Euphorbiaceae family, is an important medicinal plant described in Ayurveda with significant therapeutic as well as toxicological properties. In Agada Tantra, it is classified under Sthavara Visha and Upavisha due to its potent toxic effects. Traditionally, the seeds and seed oil of Jaypal have been used as strong purgatives and in the management of constipation, ascites, intestinal worms, skin disorders, and various abdominal diseases after proper Shodhana (purification). Classical Ayurvedic texts emphasize the necessity of purification and appropriate dosage to ensure safe therapeutic use. Modern phytochemical studies have identified phorbol esters, tigliane diterpenoids, -sitosterol, and other bioactive compounds responsible for its pharmacological activities. Experimental studies have demonstrated antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, antileukemic, and gastrointestinal effects. However, improper use or overdose may produce severe toxic manifestations such as gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, blister formation, and electrolyte imbalance. The present review highlights the Ayurvedic and modern perspectives of Croton tiglium, including its nomenclature, pharmacological properties, traditional uses, toxicological profile, Shodhana procedures, therapeutic applications, antidotal measures, and medico-legal importance. Understanding both the medicinal and toxic aspects of Jaypal is essential for its safe and effective utilization in Ayurvedic practice and toxicological management.

Keywords: Croton tiglium, Jaypal, Jamalgota, Agada Tantra, Upavisha, Shodhana, Toxicology, Ayurvedic Pharmacology.