Abstract

EVALUATION OF SERUM ELECTROLYTES AND CARDIAC ABNORMALITIES IN COPD PATIENTS

Anuradha Madke*, Dr. Sanjiv Kumar Biradar, Sneha, Anusaya, Bhagyashree, Mallikarjun, Shivshankar

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic inflammation. In addition to pulmonary impairment, COPD is associated with systemic complications, including serum electrolyte disturbance and cardiovascular abnormalities, which contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. Hypoxia, hypercapnia, acid-base imbalance, medications, and associated comorbidities can alter serum electrolytes levels and cardiac function. To evaluate serum electrolyte abnormalities and cardiac abnormalities in patients with COPD and to assess the relationship between electrolyte imbalance and electrocardiographic (ECG) findings. This observational study included diagnosed COPD patients attending the outpatient and inpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital. Clinical history, physical examination, serum electrolytes levels (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and magnesium), and ECG findings were recorded and analyzed. Statistical methods were used to determine the prevalence of electrolytes abnormalities and their association with cardiac abnormalities. The study demonstrated that electrolyte disturbances, particularly hyponatremia and hypokalemia, were common among COPD patients. ECG abnormalities such as sinus tachycardia, right axis deviation, right ventricular hypertrophy, P pulmonale, and arrhythmias were also frequently observed. A significant association was found between electrolyte imbalance and the occurrence of cardiac abnormalities, especially in patients with severe COPD and acute exacerbations. Serum electrolyte disturbances and cardiac abnormalities are common in COPD patients and may worsen disease prognosis. Regular monitoring of electrolyte levels and ECG changes is essential for the early detection and appropriate management of these complications, which may improve patient outcome and reduce morbidity.

Keywords: COPD, serum electrolytes, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, electrocardiography (ECG), cardiac abnormalities, arrhythmias, right ventricular hypertrophy.