Abstract

ARSHA (HAEMORRHOIDS): AN AYURVEDIC AND MODERN SURGICAL REVIEW

Dr. Akanksha Singh*, Dr. Saurabh Sharma, Dr. Shruti Sarswat

Abstract

Arsha is a major anorectal disorder described in the classical Ayurvedic Samhitas, with detailed discussion of its etiology, varieties, clinical manifestations, prognosis and treatment. Contemporary medicine recognizes haemorrhoids as symptomatic pathological changes involving the normal vascular cushions of the anal canal. This review presents Arsha from both Ayurvedic and modern surgical perspectives, with emphasis on the classical descriptions of Charaka, Sushruta and Vagbhata, the Ayurvedic Nidana Panchaka, modern clinical features, pathophysiology, Goligher grading and evidence-based treatment. Ayurvedic management is discussed through dietary regulation, Agni correction, Vatanulomana, local measures, Basti, Takra-based approaches and selected para-surgical principles. Modern management is reviewed from conservative measures and office procedures to haemorrhoidectomy and other operative options. The article deliberately treats Arsha and modern haemorrhoidal disease as clinically correlatable rather than automatically identical entities. Accurate diagnosis, exclusion of serious causes of rectal bleeding and grade-based management are essential.

Keywords: Arsha; Haemorrhoids; Ayurveda; Nidana Panchaka; Agni; Apana Vayu; Constipation; Goligher Classification; Rubber Band Ligation; Haemorrhoidectomy; Integrative Medicine.