Abstract

GREEN APPROACHES FOR THE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS

Bhusnure O.G*, Gholve S.B, Giram P.S., Warad T.A, Pangave V.S., Sangshetti J.N.

Abstract

  Approaches to improve the environmental profile of manufacturingprocesses and end products is an important goal in many industries,including pharmaceuticals. In the case of pharmaceuticalmanufacturing, these approaches can involve ways to increase reactionefficiency and yield in order to reduce waste, reduce solvents andreagents, or to improve reaction conditions when synthesizing activepharmaceutical ingredients, intermediates, or lead compounds. Theworldwide demand for lower-priced drugs with proven benefits tohuman health poses an increasing challenge to process chemists todevelop manufacturing routes that not only deliver maximum value,but also minimize waste generation. There are existing and emerging solutions to counterpollution. The design of green, efficient and cost competitive industrial process is the need ofera. Green chemistry seeks to promote the adoption of safer more efficient chemicals,products and processes. In order to design inherently safer chemicals it is important tounderstand the basic principles that dictate toxicity. The production of organic chemicals asraw materials or reagents for other applications is a major sector of manufacturing polymers,pharmaceuticals, pesticides, paints, artificial fibers, food additives, etc. Organic synthesis ona large scale, compared to the laboratory scale, involves the use of energy, basic chemicalingredients from the petrochemical sector, catalysts and after the end of the reaction,separation, purification, storage, packaging, distribution etc. To educate future generationsof engineers and decision makers in the importance of green engineering inpharmaceutical syntheses & greener designs for solvent recovery targeting the reduction of the overall solvent consumption, the associated waste, and life cycle emissions from cradle to gate. Strategic greener techniques include reactions in alternative solvents, atom economic multicomponent reactions, microwave and ultrasonic reactions, solid-supported synthesis, fluorous and ionic liquid-based recycling techniques, flow reactors and green catalytic techniques including organocatalysis, supported catalysis, biocatalysis, fluorous catalysis, catalytic direct C-H bond activation reactions, Solid state grinding & Exergetic Life Cycle Analysis (ExLCA). It is imperative that we push the frontiers of science, technology and innovation to meet these demands. Catalysis is the key technology for the development of green processes for the industrial production of API. Enzymes are the ultimate green catalysts–they are renewable, biodegradable and are generally believed to provide a more sustainable means of synthesis than more traditional chemistry approaches.

Keywords: API, Strategic Greener Techniques, Energetic Life cycle Analysis, Environmental Sustainability.