Abstract

NASAL GEL AS PROMISING MUCOSAL DRUG DELIVERY

*Vivekanand Kashid, Vikrant Nikam, Sachin Gaikwad, Manoj Mahale, Vijay Wagh and Sanjay Chaudhari

Abstract

Nasal drug administration has been used as an alternative route for the systemic availability of drugs restricted to intravenous administration. This is due to the large surface area, porous endothelial membrane, high total blood flow, the avoidance of first-pass metabolism, high permeability of some drugs in nasal epithelium, quick drug absorption across this membrane, rapid onset of action, improved patient compliance and comfort, sustained and prolonged action in comparison to other drug delivery systems. In-situ gel is a novel dosage form for nasal delivery of various drugs. The nasal administration of drugs, including numerous compound, peptide and protein drugs, for systemic medication has been widely investigated in recent years. Drugs are cleared rapidly from the nasal cavity after intranasal administration, resulting in rapid systemic drug absorption. It is infusing into the nasal cavity as low viscous solution and after sometime it forms gel when it contact with the nasal mucosa. The formation of gel depends on factors like temperature modulation, pH change, presence of ions, ultra violet irradiation, polymorphism, dissolution rate, solubility, viscosity and osmolarity. The review was focused on anatomy and physiology of nose, advantages, disadvantages, mechanism of drug delivery to the nose, types of dosage form for nasal delivery, barriers in nasal drug delivery, factors influencing nasal absorption, mucoadhesive polymer used in nasal drug delivery system and evaluation of in-situ gel nasal drug delivery system. These drug delivery systems have the ability to control the rate of drug clearance from the nasal cavity as well as protect the drug from enzymatic degradation in nasal secretions.

Keywords: In-situ gel, nose, bioavailability, first pass metabolism.